Vapour Recovery Units

Tanks are used throughout the oil and pipeline industries to store product prior to pumping to the plant or pipeline. The two common types of tanks used are fixed roof and floating roof. Of these, the fixed roof provides reduced environmental impact as the gas/ vapour padding between the liquid and roof can be positively contained.

A gas blanket is provided to fill the void between the liquid and tank roof. This is generally maintained at a very small pressure above atmospheric, typically a few ounces, to prevent air, and consequently oxygen, entering the system and possibly creating a more explosive mixture. During filling, the liquid rises and compresses the gas blanket thereby raising its pressure. This increase in pressure has to be relieved to prevent tank damage, and it is drawn off the tank by the Vapour Recovery Unit or VRU (fig2). If the VRU does not operate or provide sufficient capacity, the increase in pressure will be relieved directly to atmosphere through relief valves on the tank. It is essential therefore that the VRU be reliable and be capable of handling the varying capacities and compositions of the vapours coming from the tank.

The vapour coming from the tank consists of the blanket gas (typically natural gas) and constituents from the liquid that have migrated into it. These constituents could be water vapour, light hydrocarbons, H2S, CO2 and asphaltines. The VRU takes this vapour and raises it to a usable pressure for further applications. In heavy oil applications, where there is often elevated temperatures and the potential of high concentrations of the constituents mentioned, a liquid ring compressor has been found to be extremely reliable when incorporated in a VRU module. Other types of compressors such as vane and screw have the inherent disadvantage of having difficulties compressing a wet vapour, which during the compression cycle may condense liquid which can be damaging to the compressor either as an incompressible fluid, asphaltine build up, or the hydrocarbon liquid diluting the lubricating fluid of the compressor.

An added advantage of the liquid ring compressor is the low temperature rise experienced during compression. This allows for the liquids condensed to be captured in the VRU and transferred by pumps on the VRU module to the plant for use in the process. The condensed hydrocarbons can be separated in the VRU, which is particularly useful for diluent recovery. When the tank is being emptied, blanket gas is added (fig3) and the VRU capacity is reduced accordingly.

A properly designed liquid ring compressor VRU module must have the following capabilities:

Fully automated stop start on one or multiple compressors without operator intervention
0% to 100% fully automatic capacity control
Be able to handle a wide variety of potential inlet vapour compositions
Have ease of maintenance and serviceability
Be a complete integrated modular unit allowing all control functions, internal piping and wiring to be the suppliers
responsibility within the guidelines of the customers specifications.
Proven module function.
Very high reliability (on stream factor)

HC Piper Manufacturing Inc. has over 20 years experience in designing and building liquid ring compressor VRU packages for Heavy Oil, SAGD and other applications. Packages are built as road transportable modules, and available with singe or multiple compressors with or without a building. Compressors are available up to 3000 Am3/h and 1400 kPaa discharge pressure.

HC Series 5 VRU

Vapour Recovery Units with Liquid Ring Compressors

HC Process Systems Inc. have designed a range of pre engineered standard vapour recovery systems to suit your needs. The Series 5 utilize liquid ring compressors for reliability in handling wet, dirty, or corrosive vapours. The proven design has two compressors as standard, each compressor can be started and stopped independently without operator intervention for maximum system flexibility and reliability. The standard ring water is a recirculation system to minimize water consumption (once through available as an option), the water is taken from the 3 phase separator and liquid hydrocarbon is also recovered.

HC Series 5 VRU Technical Specifications

Standard Configuration

(2) Liquid Ring Compressors with inlet vapour cooling, recirculation liquid ring, 3 phase separation with liquid hydrocarbon recovery. The compressors and ancillary items are mounted on a skid with all connections and control wiring to skid edge. Piping and Vessel Carbon steel.

Standard Options:

Stainless Steel piping and vessel
Sour specification
Building with heating, ventilation and lighting

Basic Specifications:

Compressors – Liquid Ring type
Motors - 575 or 460V TEFC
Inlet Coolers – (2) Shell and Tube
Discharge separator – proprietary 3 phase design
Instrumentation – Rosemount
Skid – I beam construction with seal welded checker plate
Building (if supplied) – self supporting steel frame with man and access doors, ventilation system, lighting and crane.

Detailed specifications available on request.

Typical Model Number D15-600/850-200

D=duplex compressor package stages series Discharge Nominal motor compressor package	Stages 1= 1 stage 2= 2 stage	Series	Discharge (pressure kPaa)	Normal capacity each compressor m3/h	Motor (hp)
D	1	5	600	400	125
D	1	5	600	600	150
D	1	5	600	850	200
D	1	5	600	1100	250
D	1	5	400	1700	300
D	1	5	600	2800	550
D	1	5	600	4500	750
D	2	5	790	275	150
D	2	5	790	650	200
D	2	5	790	750	250
D	2	5	1300	540	250
D	2	5	790	1100	300
D	2	5	790	1900	500
D	2	5	1300	1400	550